A handle to the owner window used for displaying a UI or error messages. This value can be NULL if the operation is not associated with a window.
lpOperation [in, optional]
LPCTSTR
A pointer to a null-terminated string, referred to in this case as a verb, that specifies the action to be performed. The set of available verbs depends on the particular file or folder. Generally, the actions available from an object's shortcut menu are available verbs. The following verbs are commonly used:
edit
Launches an editor and opens the document for editing. If lpFile is not a document file, the function will fail.
explore
Explores a folder specified by lpFile.
find
Initiates a search beginning in the directory specified by lpDirectory.
open
Opens the item specified by the lpFile parameter. The item can be a file or folder.
print
Prints the file specified by lpFile. If lpFile is not a document file, the function fails.
NULL
In systems prior to Windows 2000, the default verb is used if it is valid and available in the registry. If not, the "open" verb is used.
In Windows 2000 and later, the default verb is used if available. If not, the "open" verb is used. If neither verb is available, the system uses the first verb listed in the registry.
lpFile [in]
LPCTSTR
A pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the file or object on which to execute the specified verb. To specify a Shell namespace object, pass the fully qualified parse name. Note that not all verbs are supported on all objects. For example, not all document types support the "print" verb. If a relative path is used for the lpDirectory parameter do not use a relative path for lpFile.
lpParameters [in, optional]
LPCTSTR
If lpFile specifies an executable file, this parameter is a pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the parameters to be passed to the application. The format of this string is determined by the verb that is to be invoked. If lpFile specifies a document file, lpParameters should be NULL.
lpDirectory [in, optional]
LPCTSTR
A pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the default (working) directory for the action. If this value is NULL, the current working directory is used. If a relative path is provided at lpFile, do not use a relative path for lpDirectory.
nShowCmd [in]
INT
The flags that specify how an application is to be displayed when it is opened. IflpFile specifies a document file, the flag is simply passed to the associated application. It is up to the application to decide how to handle it.
SW_HIDE
Hides the window and activates another window.
SW_MAXIMIZE
Maximizes the specified window.
SW_MINIMIZE
Minimizes the specified window and activates the next top-level window in the z-order.
SW_RESTORE
Activates and displays the window. If the window is minimized or maximized, Windows restores it to its original size and position. An application should specify this flag when restoring a minimized window.
SW_SHOW
Activates the window and displays it in its current size and position.
SW_SHOWDEFAULT
Sets the show state based on the SW_ flag specified in the STARTUPINFOstructure passed to the CreateProcess function by the program that started the application. An application should call ShowWindow with this flag to set the initial show state of its main window.
SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED
Activates the window and displays it as a maximized window.
SW_SHOWMINIMIZED
Activates the window and displays it as a minimized window.
SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE
Displays the window as a minimized window. The active window remains active.
SW_SHOWNA
Displays the window in its current state. The active window remains active.
SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE
Displays a window in its most recent size and position. The active window remains active.
SW_SHOWNORMAL
Activates and displays a window. If the window is minimized or maximized, Windows restores it to its original size and position. An application should specify this flag when displaying the window for the first time.
Return Value
HINSTANCE
If the function succeeds, it returns a value greater than 32. If the function fails, it returns an error value that indicates the cause of the failure. The return value is cast as an HINSTANCE for backward compatibility with 16-bit Windows applications. It is not a true HINSTANCE, however. It can be cast only to an int and compared to either 32 or the following error codes below.
Return code
Description
0
The operating system is out of memory or resources.
ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
The specified file was not found.
ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND
The specified path was not found.
ERROR_BAD_FORMAT
The .exe file is invalid (non-Win32 .exe or error in .exe image).
SE_ERR_ACCESSDENIED
The operating system denied access to the specified file.
SE_ERR_ASSOCINCOMPLETE
The file name association is incomplete or invalid.
SE_ERR_DDEBUSY
The DDE transaction could not be completed because other DDE transactions were being processed.
SE_ERR_DDEFAIL
The DDE transaction failed.
SE_ERR_DDETIMEOUT
The DDE transaction could not be completed because the request timed out.
SE_ERR_DLLNOTFOUND
The specified DLL was not found.
SE_ERR_FNF
The specified file was not found.
SE_ERR_NOASSOC
There is no application associated with the given file name extension. This error will also be returned if you attempt to print a file that is not printable.
SE_ERR_OOM
There was not enough memory to complete the operation.
SE_ERR_PNF
The specified path was not found.
SE_ERR_SHARE
A sharing violation occurred.
Remarks
Because ShellExecute can delegate execution to Shell extensions (data sources, context menu handlers, verb implementations) that are activated using Component Object Model (COM), COM should be initialized before ShellExecute is called. Some Shell extensions require the COM single-threaded apartment (STA) type. In that case, COM should be initialized as shown here:
There are certainly instances where ShellExecute does not use one of these types of Shell extension and those instances would not require COM to be initialized at all. Nonetheless, it is good practice to always initalize COM before using this function.
This method allows you to execute any commands in a folder's shortcut menu or stored in the registry.
To open a folder, use either of the following calls:
If lpOperation is NULL, the function opens the file specified by lpFile. If lpOperation is "open" or "explore", the function attempts to open or explore the folder.
To obtain information about the application that is launched as a result of callingShellExecute, use ShellExecuteEx.
Note The Launch folder windows in a separate process setting in Folder Options affects ShellExecute. If that option is disabled (the default setting), ShellExecute uses an open Explorer window rather than launch a new one. If no Explorer window is open,ShellExecute launches a new one.
